Photo: Cecília de Santarém/Iepé

TUMUCUMAQUE-WAYAMU PROGRAM

The Tumucumaque-Wayamu Program operates in five Indigenous Lands located in the northern region of Brazil, in the north of the state of Pará.

The Tumucumaque Program (renamed as Tumucumaque-Wayamu since 2023) was created in 2006, with its initial focus on cultural appreciation activities with the indigenous peoples officially recognized as Tiriyó, Katxuyana, Aparai, and Wayana who live in the Tumucumaque Complex. This complex comprises two contiguous Indigenous Lands located in the far north of the state of Pará: the indigenous lands of Parque do Tumucumaque and Rio Paru d’Este.

Since 2012, the program’s agenda has extended to the peoples living in three other contiguous indigenous lands that constitute the Trombetas Complex (Trombetas-Mapuera, Nhamundá-Mapuera, and Kaxuyana-Tunayana), situated in the northwest of Pará, bordering Amazonas and Roraima. Thus, in addition to the aforementioned peoples, the Tumucumaque-Wayamu Program currently carries out activities with the indigenous peoples officially recognized as Txikiyana, Waiwai, and Hixkaryana, among many other Yanas (people) belonging to the Karib linguistic family, native to the region.

The expansion of the program’s scope was the result of supporting processes for the strengthening of redistribution and expansion of the occupation of indigenous lands, as well as territorial reclamation and the demand for land regularization in the Kaxuyana-Tunayana IL. These processes were led by the Katxuyana, Tunayana, Kahyana, and other Karib peoples who are also native to the central northern region of Pará.

In the 1950s and 1960s, due to historical and political circumstances, these peoples were forced to leave their original locations and live elsewhere, either to the east in the Parque do Tumucumaque and Paru d’Este, to the west within the Trombetas-Mapuera and Nhamundá-Mapuera, or further north on the other side of the border of Brazil with Guyana and Suriname.

It was in this context and starting from the premise that territorial management in this corridor should be considered jointly that, since 2005, the program has assumed, as the guiding principle of its actions, to contribute to the development of Territorial and Environmental Management Plans (PGTAs) for the five indigenous lands that make up the Karib Lands and Peoples Corridor, with the premise of strengthening the complex webs that intertwine peoples and territories in the northern region of Pará.

Photo: Iepé

 

TUMUCUMAQUE-WAYAMU INDIGENOUS LANDS:
 KAXUYANA-TUNAYANATROMBETAS-MAPUERANHAMUNDÁ-MAPUERAPARQUE DO TUMUCUMAQUE (WEST)PARQUE DO TUMUCUMAQUE (EAST) AND RIO PARU D´ESTE
AREA2,184,120 hectares668,565 hectares1,049,520 hectares3,071,067 hectares1,195,785 hectares
POPULATION
Source: IEPÉ, 2019 
5751,0352,1511,9661,130
NUMBER OF VILLAGES
Source: IEPÉ, 2019
2111173423
PEOPLESAipïpa, Akuriyó, Arama, Aramayana, Arara, Caruma, Farukwoto, Hixkaryana, Inkarïyana, Kahyana, Kamarayana, Karafawyana, Karará, Karaxana, Katuena, Katxuyana, Manipoyana, Okoymoyana, Pïreuyana, Pïropë, Ramayana, Sakïta, Tiriyó, Tunayana, Txarumã, Txikiyana, Waiwai, Wapixana, Xerewyana, Xowyana, Yatxkuriyana, Mawayana

Aipïpa, Akuriyó, Arama, Aramayana, Arara, Caruma, Farukwoto, Hixkaryana, Inkarïyana, Kahyana, Kamarayana, Karafawyana, Karará, Karaxana, Katuena, Katxuyana, Manipoyana,

Okoymoyana, Pïreuyana, Pïropë, Ramayana, Sakïta, Tiriyó, Tunayana, Txarumã, Txikiyana, Waiwai, Wapixana, Xerewyana, Xowyana, Yatxkuriyana, Mawayana 

Aipïpa, Akuriyó, Arama, Aramayana, Arara, Caruma, Farukwoto, Hixkaryana, Inkarïyana, Kahyana, Kamarayana, Karafawyana, Karará, Karaxana, Katuena, Katxuyana, Manipoyana, Okoymoyana, Pïreuyana, Pïropë, Ramayana, Sakïta, Tiriyó, Tunayana, Txarumã, Txikiyana, Waiwai, Wapixana, Xerewyana, Xowyana, Yatxkuriyana, MawayanaAhpama, Ahpamano, Aipïpa, Akïyó, Akuriyó, Alakapai, Aparai, Arahasana, Aramaso, Aturai, Inkarïnyana, Kahyana, Kaiku, Apërën, Arimisana, Kukuyana, Maraso, Mawayana, Murumuruyó, Okomoyana Aramayana, Opakyana, Osenepohnomo, Wezamohkoto, Patakaiyana, Piayanakoto, Pïrëuyana, Pirixiyana, Pïropï, Sakëta, Tarëpisana, Tunapeky, Tunayana, Txikïyana, Upuruiyana, Waripi, Wayana, Werehpai, Wajãpi (do Cuc), Tupi Wajãpi (do Molokopote), TupiAhpama, Ahpamano, Aipïpa, Akïyó, Akuriyó, Alakapai, Aparai, Arahasana, Aramaso, Aturai, Inkarïnyana, Kahyana, Kaiku, Apërën, Arimisana, Kukuyana, Maraso, Mawayana, Murumuruyó, Okomoyana Aramayana, Opakyana, Osenepohnomo, Wezamohkoto, Patakaiyana, Piayanakoto, Pïrëuyana, Pirixiyana, Pïropï, Sakëta, Tarëpisana, Tunapeky, Tunayana, Txikïyana, Upuruiyana, Waripi, Wayana, Werehpai, Wajãpi (do Cuc), Tupi Wajãpi (do Molokopote), Tupi
LANGUAGE(S)Kahyana, Katxuyana, Hixkaryana, Tiriyó, Tunayana, Txikiyana, Waiwai, Wapixana (languages of the Karib linguistic family), Mawayana (language of the Arawak linguistic trunk)Kahyana, Katxuyana, Hixkaryana, Tiriyó, Tunayana, Txikiyana, Waiwai, Wapixana (languages of the Karib linguistic family), Mawayana (language of the Arawak linguistic trunk)Kahyana, Katxuyana, Hixkaryana, Tiriyó, Tunayana, Txikiyana, Waiwai, Wapixana (languages of the Karib linguistic family), Mawayana (language of the Arawak linguistic trunk)

Akuriyó, Aparai, Katxuyana, Tiriyó, Txikiyana, Wayana (Karib linguistic trunk), Wajãpi (Tupi) 

Akuriyó, Aparai, Katxuyana, Tiriyó, Txikiyana, Wayana (Karib linguistic trunk), Wajãpi (Tupi)
MUNICIPALITIESFaro (Pará), Oriximiná (Pará), Nhamundá (Amazonas)Caroebe (Roraima), São João da Baliza (Roraima), Nhamundá (Amazonas), Urucará (Amazonas), Faro (Pará), Oriximiná (Pará)

Caroebe (Roraima), São João da Baliza (Roraima), Nhamundá (Amazonas), Urucará (Amazonas), Faro (Pará), Oriximiná (Pará) 

Alenquer (Pará), Almeirim (Pará), Laranjal do Jari (Amapá), Óbidos (Pará), Oriximiná (Pará)Alenquer (Pará), Almeirim (Pará), Monte Alegre (Pará)
LEGAL STATUSDeclared – Ordinance 1,510, 09/19/2018Declared – Ordinance 1,510, 09/19/2018Homologated – Decree 98,063 – 08/17/1989Homologated – Decree without number – 11/04/1997Homologated – Decree without number – 11/04/1997